Elements or a substance can be classified into two categories. Metal and Non-metal. Both metal and non-metal have their properties and characteristics. Based on this, metal and non-metal have their usage and advantages.
Metal is a chemical element class with specific properties and characteristics distinguishing them from nonmetals.
Metals are known for their lustre, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, malleability, and ductility. These properties make metals highly valuable and versatile materials in various industries and applications.
Metals often have a shiny and reflective surface, known as metallic lustre. This property is due to the reflection of light by the free electrons in the metal’s atomic structure.
Metals are excellent conductors of electricity. They contain a high density of free electrons that can move easily through the metal’s crystalline structure, allowing for the efficient flow of electric current.
Metals also possess good thermal conductivity, meaning they can efficiently conduct heat. This property is valuable in applications where heat needs to be transferred or dissipated, such as in cooking utensils and heat exchangers.
Metals are malleable, which can be hammered, rolled, or pressed into various shapes without breaking. This property is essential in metalworking and manufacturing processes.
Generally, metals are ductile, which means they can be drawn into thin wires without breaking. Besides this property is crucial for applications like electrical wiring.
Usually, most metals are solid at room temperature, except mercury, a liquid at room temperature.
Metals generally have high melting and boiling points, making them suitable for high-temperature applications.
Some metals, such as aluminium and stainless steel, have natural corrosion resistance. Others may require protective coatings or alloys to prevent corrosion.
Metals are fundamental in various industries, from construction and transportation to electronics and medicine. Their unique properties make them indispensable for various products and applications.
While the properties and characteristics described for metals generally hold true for most metallic elements, there are exceptions or unusual cases. Here are a few notable exceptions or deviations from typical metal properties:
These exceptions demonstrate that while elements are grouped into categories of metal and non-metal on the periodic table based on their general properties, there is diversity and variation within each category.
Some elements exhibit unique or unexpected characteristics that deviate from the norms associated with their respective groups.
Nonmetals are a class of chemical elements with properties and characteristics distinct from those of metals.
Unlike metals, nonmetals do not typically exhibit properties like metallic lustre, electrical conductivity, malleability, or ductility.
Instead, nonmetals often display insulating properties, low melting and boiling points, and the ability to gain electrons during chemical reactions.
Nonmetals are critical elements in various chemical compounds and biological processes. They play a vital role in the structure of organic compounds, the atmosphere, and the chemistry of life.
They are often found in nonmetallic minerals and are used in applications ranging from plastics and semiconductors to environmental protection.
Certainly, here are some exceptions or variations in the properties of nonmetals:
These exceptions highlight that nonmetals can display unique characteristics or properties under certain conditions or when arranged in specific forms or allotropes.
These differences in properties and behaviour of metal and non-metal distinguish metals from nonmetals on the periodic table. They significantly affect their applications and roles in various chemical and industrial processes.
Characteristic | Metals | Nonmetals |
---|---|---|
Appearance | Shiny (metallic luster) | Dull or non-reflective |
Electrical Conductivity | Good conductors of electricity | Poor conductors (insulators) |
Thermal Conductivity | Good thermal conductors | Poor thermal conductors |
Malleability | Malleable (can be hammered) | Brittle (tend to break) |
Ductility | Ductile (can be drawn into wires) | Not ductile (do not form wires) |
Melting and Boiling Points | High melting and boiling points | Low melting and boiling points |
Gain or Loss of Electrons | Tend to lose electrons (cations) | Tend to gain electrons (anions) |
Chemical Reactivity | Tend to be less chemically reactive | Tend to be more chemically reactive |
Location on Periodic Table | Located on the left and centre of the periodic table | Located on the right of the periodic table |
Examples | Iron, copper, gold, aluminium | Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur |
A metalloid, also known as a semimetal, is a class of chemical elements that exhibit properties and characteristics that are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals.
Metalloids are positioned between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table and share some properties of both categories. They often display a combination of metallic and nonmetallic properties, making them distinct from pure metals and nonmetals.
Usually, metalloids play a vital role in various industries, including electronics, materials science, and energy production.
Further, their ability to conduct electricity under specific conditions and their semiconducting properties make them valuable in developing electronic devices and technologies.
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